Arne Jacobsen was a Danish architect and designer, widely considered one of the leading figures in 20th-century Scandinavian modernism. Born on February 11, 1902, in Copenhagen, Denmark, Jacobsen's work encompassed both architecture and design, making significant contributions to both fields.
Early Life and Education
Jacobsen's early life was marked by a strong interest in the natural sciences, but he eventually pursued a career in architecture, enrolling at the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts in Copenhagen in 1924. There, he studied under the influential architect Kay Fisker and graduated in 1927. His education was steeped in the principles of functionalism and modernism, which were beginning to take root in Europe during this period.
Architectural Career
Jacobsen's early architectural works reflect his modernist leanings, with a clear influence from Le Corbusier and other contemporary architects. One of his first major projects, the "House of the Future," co-designed with Flemming Lassen in 1929, was a vision of modern living, complete with a helipad and a garage for a boat.
During the 1930s, Jacobsen designed several important buildings in Denmark, including the Bellevue Theatre (1936) and the Bellevue Beach complex (1932-1935). These projects showcased his ability to blend functionality with aesthetic simplicity, a hallmark of his work.
World War II and Exile
Jacobsen's career was interrupted by World War II. Being of Jewish descent, he fled Denmark in 1943 to escape the Nazi occupation, seeking refuge in Sweden. During his exile, Jacobsen continued to work, contributing to various design projects and further honing his skills in furniture design.
Post-War Career and Major Works
After the war, Jacobsen returned to Denmark and embarked on some of his most famous projects. His work during this period included the design of the SAS Royal Hotel in Copenhagen (1956-1960), which remains one of his most celebrated architectural achievements. The hotel was a comprehensive design project, with Jacobsen designing everything from the structure itself to the furniture, lighting, and even the cutlery used in the hotel's restaurant.
Jacobsen's design philosophy was rooted in the idea of total design, where every element of a building's interior and exterior is harmoniously integrated. This philosophy is evident in his furniture designs, such as the iconic Egg Chair, Swan Chair, and Series 7 Chair, which have become timeless symbols of modern design.
Legacy and Influence
Arne Jacobsen's influence extends far beyond his architectural achievements. His furniture designs are still in production and remain highly sought after. His approach to design, characterized by clean lines, functional forms, and an emphasis on simplicity and usability, has left an indelible mark on modern architecture and design.
Jacobsen's work earned him numerous accolades, including the prestigious C. F. Hansen Medal in 1955. He continued to work until his death on March 24, 1971, leaving behind a legacy of innovation and excellence in both architecture and design.
References
- "Arne Jacobsen." Encyclopaedia Britannica. Link
- Schwartz-Clauss, Mathias, ed. Arne Jacobsen: Objects and Furniture Design. Vitra Design Museum, 2009.
- Crawford, Alan. "Arne Jacobsen." In The Design Encyclopedia, edited by Mel Byars. New York: The Museum of Modern Art, 2004.
- "Arne Jacobsen." Danish Architecture Center. Link