Sir Rowand Robert Anderson was a preeminent Scottish architect known for his significant contributions to the architectural landscape of Scotland, particularly in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. His work is characterized by a blend of historical styles and modern innovations, making him a key figure in the development of Scottish architecture.
Early Life and Education
Rowand Anderson was born on April 5, 1834, in Edinburgh, Scotland. He was the son of James Anderson, a lawyer, and his wife, Janet Rowand. Anderson attended the University of Edinburgh, where he initially studied medicine before turning his focus to architecture, a field that better suited his interests and talents.
Architectural Training and Early Career
Anderson began his architectural training in the office of John Lessels, a prominent Edinburgh architect. He furthered his education by traveling to Italy and studying the Renaissance architecture that would later influence his work. Upon his return to Scotland, Anderson worked with notable architects, including David Bryce, which helped him hone his skills and establish his reputation.
Notable Works
Sir Rowand Anderson's architectural portfolio is extensive, with several landmark projects to his name:
- University of Edinburgh: Anderson designed the McEwan Hall (1894-1897), a magnificent building known for its grandiose dome and elaborate interior. This project remains one of his most celebrated works.
- National Portrait Gallery of Scotland: Completed in 1889, this Gothic Revival building in Edinburgh showcases Anderson's ability to blend historical styles with modern functionality.
- Scottish National War Memorial: Located within Edinburgh Castle, this memorial (completed posthumously in 1927) was a tribute to Scottish soldiers who died in World War I. Anderson's design harmonizes with the historic castle environment.
- Central Hotel, Glasgow: Another significant project, Anderson's work on the Central Hotel (1882-1884) exemplifies his skill in large-scale urban architecture.
Professional Contributions and Honors
In addition to his design work, Anderson played a pivotal role in the professionalization of architecture in Scotland. He was a founding member of the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) in Scotland and served as its president from 1890 to 1893. His commitment to education led to the establishment of the Edinburgh School of Applied Art, which later became part of the Edinburgh College of Art.
Anderson was knighted in 1902 in recognition of his contributions to architecture and public service. He continued to influence the field through his writings and as an advocate for architectural preservation and education.
Later Life and Legacy
Sir Rowand Robert Anderson retired from active practice in 1908 but remained an influential figure in the architectural community until his death on June 1, 1921. His legacy lives on through his buildings, which continue to be admired for their aesthetic and historical significance.
Anderson's work exemplifies a blend of tradition and innovation, marking a transition in Scottish architecture. His efforts in education and professional organization have left an enduring impact on the field, ensuring that future generations of architects benefit from his pioneering contributions.
References
- Gifford, John. The Buildings of Scotland: Edinburgh. Yale University Press, 1984.
- Glendinning, Miles, et al. A History of Scottish Architecture: From the Renaissance to the Present Day. Edinburgh University Press, 1996.
- Dictionary of Scottish Architects 1660-1980, "Rowand Anderson." Accessed July 2023. Scottish Architects
- Stamp, Gavin. Edinburgh's Victorian Monuments. Edinburgh University Press, 1981.